Beginner Level Exercises

import math radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))area = math.pi * (radius ** 2) print(f"The area of the circle with radius {radius} is {area:.2f}")

input_string = input("Enter a sentence: ")words = input_string.lower().split()word_count = {} for word in words:    if word in word_count:        word_count[word] += 1    else:        word_count[word] = 1 print("Word frequencies:", word_count)

def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):    return (celsius * 9/5) + 32 def fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):    return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9 unit = input("Enter the temperature unit (C for Celsius, F for Fahrenheit): ")value = float(input("Enter the temperature value to be converted: ")) if unit.upper() == "C":    print(f"{value} Celsius is {celsius_to_fahrenheit(value):.2f} Fahrenheit.")elif unit.upper() == "F":    print(f"{value} Fahrenheit is {fahrenheit_to_celsius(value):.2f} Celsius.")else:    print("Invalid temperature unit.")

number = int(input("Enter an integer: ")) if number % 2 == 0:    print(f"{number} is even.")else:    print(f"{number} is odd.")

input_file = input("Enter the name of the input file: ")output_file = input("Enter the name of the output file: ") try:    with open(input_file, "r") as infile:        content = infile.read()    uppercase_content = content.upper()     with open(output_file, "w") as outfile:        outfile.write(uppercase_content)     print("The content has been converted to uppercase and saved in the output file.")except FileNotFoundError:    print(f"The file '{input_file}' does not exist.")

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))multiples = [number * i for i in range(1, 11)] print(f"The first 10 multiples of {number} are: {multiples}")

import re input_string = input("Enter a word or phrase: ")processed_string = re.sub(r'\W+', '', input_string.lower())reversed_string = processed_string[::-1] if processed_string == reversed_string:    print(f"'{input_string}' is a palindrome.")else:    print(f"'{input_string}' is not a palindrome.")

principal = float(input("Enter the principal amount: "))rate = float(input("Enter the rate of interest (percentage): "))years = int(input("Enter the number of years: ")) interest = principal * rate * years / 100total_amount = principal + interest print(f"The simple interest is: {interest:.2f}")print(f"The total amount after {years} years is: {total_amount:.2f}")

def generate_fibonacci(n):    sequence = [0, 1]     for i in range(2, n):        sequence.append(sequence[-1] + sequence[-2])     return sequence[:n] n = int(input("Enter the number of Fibonacci numbers to generate: "))fibonacci_sequence = generate_fibonacci(n) print(f"The first {n} Fibonacci numbers are: {fibonacci_sequence}")

year = int(input("Enter a year: ")) if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):    print(f"{year} is a leap year.")else:    print(f"{year} is not a leap year.")

def is_prime(number):    if number <= 1:        return False     for i in range(2, number):        if number % i == 0:            return False    return True number = int(input("Enter a number: ")) if is_prime(number):    print(f"{number} is a prime number.")else:    print(f"{number} is not a prime number.")

input_string = input("Enter a string: ").lower()vowels = "aeiou"vowel_count = {} for char in input_string:    if char in vowels:        if char in vowel_count:            vowel_count[char] += 1        else:            vowel_count[char] = 1 print("Vowel count:", vowel_count)

def factorial(number):    if number == 0 or number == 1:        return 1     result = 1    for i in range(2, number + 1):        result *= i     return result number = int(input("Enter a number: "))print(f"The factorial of {number} is {factorial(number)}")

number = int(input("Enter an integer: "))sum_of_digits = sum(int(digit) for digit in str(number)) print(f"The sum of the digits of {number} is {sum_of_digits}")

def caesar_cipher(text, shift):    encrypted = []     for char in text:        if char.isalpha():            shift_amount = shift % 26            new_ord = ord(char) + shift_amount             if char.islower():                if new_ord > ord("z"):                    new_ord -= 26            else:                if new_ord > ord("Z"):                    new_ord -= 26             encrypted.append(chr(new_ord))        else:            encrypted.append(char)     return "".join(encrypted) text = input("Enter a string: ")shift = int(input("Enter the shift value: ")) encoded_text = caesar_cipher(text, shift)print(f"The encoded text is: {encoded_text}")

input_string = input("Enter a string: ")reversed_string = input_string[::-1] print(f"The reversed string is: {reversed_string}")

input_string = input("Enter a string: ")target_char = input("Enter a character to count: ") count = input_string.lower().count(target_char.lower())print(f"The character '{target_char}' occurs {count} times in the string.")

char = input("Enter a single character: ") if len(char) == 1:    print(f"The ASCII value of '{char}' is {ord(char)}")else:    print("Invalid input. Please enter a single character.")

def add(x, y):    return x + y def subtract(x, y):    return x - y def multiply(x, y):    return x * y def divide(x, y):    return x / y operation = input("Enter the operation (add, subtract, multiply, divide): ")num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: ")) if operation.lower() == "add":    print(f"The result is: {add(num1, num2)}")elif operation.lower() == "subtract":    print(f"The result is: {subtract(num1, num2)}")elif operation.lower() == "multiply":    print(f"The result is: {multiply(num1, num2)}")elif operation.lower() == "divide":    if num2 == 0:        print("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.")    else:        print(f"The result is: {divide(num1, num2)}")else:    print("Invalid operation.")

input_sentence = input("Enter a sentence: ")words = input_sentence.split() longest_word = ""max_length = 0 for word in words:    if len(word) > max_length:        max_length = len(word)        longest_word = word print(f"The longest word in the sentence is: {longest_word}")

numbers = [float(x) for x in input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ").split()]average = sum(numbers) / len(numbers) print(f"The average of the numbers is: {average:.2f}")

list1 = input("Enter the first list of numbers separated by spaces: ").split()list2 = input("Enter the second list of numbers separated by spaces: ").split() common_elements = list(set(list1) & set(list2))print(f"The common elements in the two lists are: {common_elements}")

numbers = [float(x) for x in input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ").split()] smallest_number = min(numbers)largest_number = max(numbers) print(f"The smallest number is: {smallest_number}")print(f"The largest number is: {largest_number}")

input_list = input("Enter a list of elements separated by spaces: ").split()unique_list = list(dict.fromkeys(input_list)) print(f"The list without duplicates is: {unique_list}")

numbers = [float(x) for x in input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ").split()] ascending_sorted_list = sorted(numbers)descending_sorted_list = sorted(numbers, reverse=True) print(f"The list sorted in ascending order is: {ascending_sorted_list}")print(f"The list sorted in descending order is: {descending_sorted_list}")

numbers = [int(x) for x in input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ").split()]squares_and_cubes = [(x**2, x**3) for x in numbers] print(f"The squares and cubes of the numbers are: {squares_and_cubes}")

input_sentence = input("Enter a sentence: ")words = input_sentence.split()word_count = len(words) print(f"The number of words in the sentence is: {word_count}")

x = input("Enter the value of x: ")y = input("Enter the value of y: ") print(f"Before swapping: x = {x}, y = {y}") x, y = y, x print(f"After swapping: x = {x}, y = {y}")

import math def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2):    return math.sqrt((x2 - x1)**2 + (y2 - y1)**2) x1, y1 = map(float, input("Enter the coordinates of the first point (x1, y1): ").split())x2, y2 = map(float, input("Enter the coordinates of the second point (x2, y2): ").split()) result = distance(x1, y1, x2, y2)print(f"The distance between the two points is: {result:.2f}")

def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):    return (celsius * 9/5) + 32 def fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):    return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9 temperature = float(input("Enter the temperature value: "))unit = input("Enter the unit (C for Celsius, F for Fahrenheit): ") if unit.upper() == "C":    result = celsius_to_fahrenheit(temperature)    print(f"{temperature} Celsius is equal to {result:.2f} Fahrenheit")elif unit.upper() == "F":    result = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temperature)    print(f"{temperature} Fahrenheit is equal to {result:.2f} Celsius")else:    print("Invalid unit. Please enter 'C' for Celsius or 'F' for Fahrenheit.")